Henry Ford Health Systems Human Resources Models Essay

During my senior year of undergraduate studies at Wayne State University, I shadowed a pediatrics physician at a Henry Ford Medical Group center in Dearborn, MI. The HFMG is part of Henry Ford Health Systems. The Henry Ford Health Systems employs over 23,000 employees while the HFMG employs over 1,300 senior staff physicians and researchers along with 3,100 non-physician providers and support staff. â€Å"The HFMG generates $750M in net revenue, which represents about 33% of total HFHS provider revenues† (Kelley 2011). The HFMG physicians specialize in over 40 different medical specialties and work in 30 different medical centers and 5 different hospitals across southeast Michigan. The specialties include cardiology, cardiovascular surgery,†¦show more content†¦However, the HR department is a staff operation within the organization chart of Henry Ford. Meaning that if the HR department was suddenly removed, there would be no short-term effect on the workflow of the he alth system (Fallon 2007). According to a human resources department job description posted by Henry Ford, the many functions of the HR department at Henry Ford include working on issues and policies of employee benefits, employee compensation, employment, e-HR, organizational performance and learning, payroll, training and education, performance evaluation, employee retention, and legal and regulatory issues, among many other functions (Linkedin). Having a wide range of duties like this requires a complex model that can cover all aspects of the job without over-stepping the boundaries between HR and other departments. â€Å"The human resources department of any healthcare entity is responsible for the people side of the business. Not only must human resources department protect and encourage the quality of the patient’s relationship with the healthcare entity, but it also must protect and encourage the quality of the employee’s relationship with the healthcare entity† (Shi 2007). This is a macro look at the basic function of the HR department within a health setting. From myShow MoreRelatedManaging An Effective Workforce Ie People Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagesor as a manager in a coffee shop or as a director of the Human Resources department in a private company, the common aspect here is the ‘responsibility of managing an effective workforce ie people’. In any field, the four important resources are men, material, machinery and money. Out of these, I believe that ‘men’ ie humans are the most important because they are the ones that effectively and strategically employ and use the other resources/factors of production. 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Diagnosis And Treatment Of Cancer Essay - 1844 Words

Cancer is very large throughout the U.S. and Canada, it is said that one and a half million people will receive a new diagnosis of cancer each year (Ignatavicius Workman, 2013).Many years back a diagnosis of cancer had a very poor outcome and you were basically considered dead. Technology and research have been focusing on cancer, and how to prevent it. This paper will review the diagnosis of cancer as well as the staging of cancer, as well as possible treatment options and side effects related and how to deal with the psychological burden that cancer patients deal with. Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer The body consists of millions of tissues and cells that are grown from conception to adulthood. Cancer cells are cells that are not normal and have the capability of infinite replication, they are harmful to the normal cells and serve no benefit to the body (Ignatavicius Workman, 2013).Cancer cells are also defined as malignant cells; they tend to start in one spot which is called the primary location. They may break from the primary location and spread to other locations to establish more colonies. When the cancer spreads it is known as metastasis. There are several tests that are needed to be done prior to confirming a cancer diagnosis. Depending on the cancer suspected, different tests may be done. It is very common to take a biopsy of the infected area and wait for pathologists to evaluate the specimen. 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Prevention Of Orthopaedic Implant Infection Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Abstraction: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons ( AAOS ) and the American Dental Association ( ADA ) , along with 10 other academic associations and societies late ( December 2012 ) published their common clinical pattern guideline â€Å" Prevention of Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures. † This evidence-based guideline, detailed in 325 pages, has three recommendations and substitutes the old AAOS guideline. The new published clinical guideline is a protocol to forestall patients set abouting dental processs from orthopedic implant infection. We will write a custom essay sample on Prevention Of Orthopaedic Implant Infection Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The guideline is developed on the footing of a collaborative systematic reappraisal to supply practical advice for preparation clinicians, tooth doctors and any qualified doctors who need to see bar of orthopedic implant ( prosthetic device ) infection in their patients. This systematic reappraisal found no expressed grounds of cause-and-effect relationship between dental processs and periprosthetic articulation infection ( PJI ) . This short communicating wants to show a graphic sum-up of AAOS/ADA clinical pattern guideline as a clinical update and an academic execution to inform and help Persian competent clinicians and tooth doctors in the class of their intervention determinations, to enrich the value and quality of wellness attention based on the latest international footing. â€Å" Evidence Insufficient to Recommend Prophylactic Antibiotics for Dental Patients with Orthopaedic Implants. † was one of the nailing headlines of the dental updates in the winter 2013. [ 4-7 ] The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons ( AAOS ) and the American Dental Association ( ADA ) , along with 10 other academic associations and societies late ( December 2012 ) published their common clinical pattern guideline â€Å" Prevention of Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures. † This 325-page evidence-based guideline has three recommendations and substitutes the old AAOS guideline. The new clinical pattern guideline was established utilizing the published AAOS CPG ( Clinical Practice Guideline ) development procedure and besides sing the all criterions recommended for systematic reappraisals and clinical pattern guidelines. The full guideline presents a comprehensive systematic reappraisal of available grounds directing on the bar of orthopedic implant ( OI ) infection in patients having dental processs. [ 1 ] Jevsar ( Chairman of AAOS group ) and Abt ( on behalf of ADA group ) published and editorial to this guideline and described how the recommendations have been evidence-based. They believe that antibiotic prophylaxis recommendations, in the 2009 AAOS information statement, can merely be regarded as an educational assistance and non as an official guideline. [ 3 ] SYNOPSIS OF THE NEW GUIDELINE The workgroup, ab initio developed three recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in dental patients with joint replacings. These recommendations shaped the basic foundation for systematic reappraisals of the literature sing the alveolar consonant processs and periprosthetic articulation infection ( PJI ) . The workgroup besides determined elaborate standards for quality assessment of the published informations and accordingly avoiding any prejudice. To avoid prejudice, the AAOS uses specific words for its recommendations and gives rationals for their use. Due to the restrictions in available grounds, the three recommendations presented in the new guideline are classified as limited, inconclusive, and consensus with one recommendation for each class of grounds. Higher class recommendations are relatively rare within published CPGs. The work squad emphasized that they did non say this new guideline to be an impartial papers. All three recommendations should be integrated into the de cision-making procedure to better patient attention. The guideline accentuates on the coaction between the doctors, tooth doctors and patients to be after a intervention based on the grounds, clinical findings and patient penchants. [ 1-3 ] The undermentioned guideline is a sum-up of the AAOS-ADA recommendations for bar of OI infection in patients having procedural dental interventions. Recommendation 1. â€Å" The practician might see stoping the pattern of routinely ordering contraceptive antibiotics for patients with hip and knee prosthetic articulation implants undergoing dental processs. † [ 1 ] Bing graded as Limited, this recommendation is based on limited grounds and depicts that dental processs are non related to OI infection.Moreover, it indicates that practicians should see altering their customary pattern of ordering contraceptive antibiotics for dental patients. [ 1,5-7 ] The phrase limited is unequivocal ; which means low degrees of grounds is present to back up the recommendation.Practitioners should be watchful to up-coming publications that hold grounds and their determinations should reflect their single judgement and the patient ‘s penchants. [ 1 ] Stronger groundss support this recommendation compared to other two recommendations: Clinical practicians believe in altering their longstanding tradition in the prescription of contraceptive antibiotics for dental patients. The groundss indicate that dental processs are non linked to the OI infections. The hazard of OI infections is non reduced by the pre-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis. Strong grounds indicates that pre-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of bacteriemia induced by station dental process. No grounds proves that bacteriemia increases the hazard of OI infections [ 1,3,5 ] Recommendation 2. â€Å" The work group was unable to urge for or against the usage of topical unwritten disinfectants in patients with prosthetic articulation implants or other orthopedic implants undergoing dental processs. † [ 1 ] This recommendation is graded as Inconclusive, sing the strength of the grounds. The guidelines implies that practicians should see a small restraint in their determination that whether to follow an inconclusive recommendation or non. The guideline emphasizes that patient penchant should hold a important influencing function and practicians should carefully wait for future publications that elucidate the bing grounds to find the balance between benefits and possible hazard. [ 1,2,4 ] Apparently, this recommendation refers to the application of unwritten topical disinfectants in the bar of OI infections in dental patients. It indicates that there is no direct grounds to corroborate that application of unwritten topical antiseptics ( before alveolar consonant processs ) would cut down bactermia and hence prevent OI infections. [ 5 ] The guideline points out the followerss as illustrations of topical antiseptics administered by tooth doctors: Chlorhexidine Gluconate unwritten rinse, povidone-iodine oral cavity rinse, H peroxide oral cavity rinse and mouthrinses with sodium-p-toluene ( chloramine-T ) . [ 1-3,5 ] Recommendation 3. â€Å" In the absence of dependable grounds associating hapless unwritten wellness to prosthetic joint infection, it is the sentiment of the work group that patients with prosthetic articulation implants or other orthopedic implants maintain appropriate unwritten hygiene. † [ 1 ] This recommendation was graded as Consensus, bespeaking that adept sentiment supports the guideline recommendation albeit the fact that no available grounds can meet the inclusion standards. The guideline emphasized on the imperative function of patients ‘ penchant in determination devising and besides affirmed the flexibleness of practicians in make up one’s minding whether to follow a recommendation rated as Consensus or non. Consensus recommendations are the weakest signifier of recommendation, and can non be used to disregard recommendations developed from higher degrees of grounds. [ 1-3 ] This recommendation conveys the care of good unwritten hygiene and seemingly, it is the lone consensus recommendation in the new guideline. Oral hygiene steps are available and inexpensive, supply possible benefit, are consistent with current clinical pattern and are in harmony with good unwritten wellness. [ 3 ] Goals and Implications for Clinical Practice The rate of OI infection is recorded from 0.3 % to 8.3 % in the available published literature. Invasion of beings into the surgical lesion during the surgery, haematogenous spread, return of infection in antecedently involved and septic articulations, or extension from an morbific local beginning may bring forth such infection. [ 1 ] Established on the best bing grounds, the rational for this clinical pattern guideline is to help the related clinicians and tooth doctors to take a paramount preventing and intervention mode when it is needed. Contemporary dental pattern necessarily depends on evidence-based criterions and stipulates doctors and tooth doctors to use the best available grounds for intervention planning in their clinical pattern. That ‘s why this guideline consists a systematic reappraisal of literature, conducted between October 2010 and July 2011 by AAOS and ADA methodologists and the doctor/dentist vocational groups and declared wherever the grounds was equal or unequal.They even discussed the spreads in the literature, where future researches are peculiarly needed. [ 1 ] Jevsevar, an orthopedic sawbones and president of the AAOS squad, declared that this clinical pattern guideline was non supposed to be an impartial papers and he confirmed that clinicians should utilize it as an informative tool in their intervention planning to better the quality and efficaciousness of their wellness attention. [ 3 ] In drumhead, the guideline is deliberated to carry on clinical pattern and besides to supply a beginning of information for all qualified practicians covering with bar of OI infection in dental patients. The AAOS and ADA hope that this guideline would besides help to guarantee patients sing the logics behind their intervention planning. [ 1 ] Therefore, The new guideline replaces the old AAOS Information Statement and the full guideline with all wining certificates and workgroup declarations is available to entree on the AAOS web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aaos.org/research/guidelines/PUDP/PUDP_guideline.pdf and the ADA web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ada.org/sections/professionalResources/pdfs/PUDP_guideline.pdf How to cite Prevention Of Orthopaedic Implant Infection Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Discussed In This Critique Is Shortcomings Observed In Accounting

Question: 1.To what magnitude does the shortfalls in the PAT research application occasioned the ineffectiveness of PAT research program than forecast? 2.How does PAT research applied presently in accounting practice? Answer: Introducation: The underlying topic discussed in this critique is shortcomings observed in accounting practice which has fell short of the dominant cosmic positivist research program. The central purpose of this critique is to appraise censoriously the Paul V Dunmores Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. This will demonstrate the influence of inadequacies in practice in attaining the potential of the authoritative extensive positive accounting theory research program. The main thesis is that without satisfactory practice in PAT research program, the prospective dominant comprehensive positivist research program shall be unachievable (Christie 2007). The author argues that the contemporary practice in PAT seem like very demonstrative of mounting the scientific purposes. The author additionally upheld that besides the inconsistencies accounting practice, normal science grants a groundwork and a background anchored on Kuhns calamity in addition to uprising since it stays possible to discharge PAT to appreciate its anticipated potential. The analysis assumes the following structure to profligately capture the foremost argument acknowledged overhead. It begins with an ephemeral summary of this article by concentrating principally on the leading argument as presented in the Pauls article. It will include the aim, main findings and theoretical framework and significance of the study. The next section delves deeper into study question. This section will mainly determine the research question and hypothesis presented in the article. The discussion of hypothesis and the research questions value as recognized in the article is also given in this section. Section two will primarily determine if the research question and hypothesis clearly flow from the literature review. The next section details the theoretical framework whereby the appreciation alongside discussion of the framework is presented besides the theoretical framework that informed this study. The next section provides a protracted discussion of limitation alongside implication. The deficiencies of theory alongside the methodological approach are detailed. It also look at whe ther the study has appreciated such weakness or limitations. Further, whether the researcher has drawn conclusions based on the assumed methodology is authenticated. This section further establishes whether the recognized limitations have impacted the significance and substance of the article in regards to accounting practices anchored on results established vis--vis the method of the study. In the final section, a brief conclusion and summary of the entire discussion is presented pointing out the significant facts as well as highlighting the entire critiques limitation to the accounting practice. Summary The article being critiqued was written by Paul V Dunmores Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. The article fundamentally discusses the PAT research program as concocted by Watts and Zimmerman. This claim was staked by the Watts and Zimmerman to the Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) for their assumed theory. The scholar pursued the scrutiny of the positive methodology to the accounting research. Paul viewed PAT research program as an important constituent of a wide-ranging well-informed project of scientific research. This program is pursued to understand the cause-effect relationship in the essential research world. Paul has successively viewed PAT in the broader viewpoint of research program which aims at developing causal intensification of the human behavior under accounting setting (Volovski et al. 2017). The researcher has furthermore undertaken a scrutiny of epistemology in addition to ontology of PAT program. Plentiful valuations surrounding statistical hypothesis logic while cursorily conforming to construction standard of Popper have moreover been recorded as mediocre. Paul has moreover recognized that besides the inclusive PAT program being hypothetically impressive, the insufficiencies in practice deter the apprehension of the programs needed potential (Dunmore 2011). The extensive happenstances hindering the PAT program have likewise been documented besides the casual creation of theoretical models that necessitates testing as well as unwarranted reliance on logic hypothesis testing (Roth, Suldo and Ferron 2017). Nonexistence of interest in statistical value of parameters together with insufficient replication to permit confidence in determining the reception have supplementary been recognized as shared incapacitations (Dunmore 2011). Using theories as standards for investigating alongside assessing qualitative data rather than as intensifications for tests is an additionally shared challenge fronting PAT program. The researcher has additionally considered evidence from pertinent alongside trustworthy articles for the authentication of the views presented in this article (Christie 2007). The researcher also appraised the broader well-informed project alongside the ontological as well as epistemological assumptions to comprehend both the implication as well as irregularities of positive accounting research. The appraisal uncovered serious shortcomings in the manner that PAT study is undertaken that hinders it from realizing evocative contribution to the inclusive project (Kim et al. 2017). Paul foreshadowed that the present practice in accounting leaves PAT with considerable clumsiness to reach the envisioned scientific purposes. Though, Paul displayed self-confident that Kuhns illumination of the normal science competently fits the PAT research (Kim et al. 201). The predictions of Kuhns story are clarified in brief based on Kuhnian crisis together with insurgence. It is believed that such a crux as well as insurgence is repressed to unlock the PAT accordingly achieving its jammed potential (Pandey et al. 2017). Question/Hypothesis The author has engaged many hypotheses besides research questions and clarified that he is never declared their truth, but somewhat just fact-finding for a passionate deferment of amazement to authorize their consistent conversation. Four hypotheses are highlighted by Paul and developed independently hesitantly, mindful that for plentiful of human being, they might have imagined outrageous and wicked and that seemingly an unwarranted fraction of humanity might bear to discern. Hypotheses: There is a world of self-governing of fancy of people that was never created by persons and its activities are not subjected to the ambitions of folks control It was feasible for normal folks to get impartially dependable information around the events of the world via considerate reflection. This, nevertheless, not ever imply that folks will never once be mistaken the point they are witnessing, rather such comments are never exclusively unrelated to such a world The logical scrutiny bestows to use observations to attain a comprehension of such a world, and precisely of interconnection. This suggests that people pursue mental models that indeed map the procedure of causal that transpire in such a realm The proceedings of this world have practicalities that are unconventionally component of the world therefore suggesting that neither totally haphazard nor the results of the interruptions from alfresco world Theoretical Framework A theoretical framework assumed by Paul evolved from a positivist position of a displeased hypothetical physicist whose accounting research stayed positivist emphasizing either model testing/ building. The disapprovals of the author, consequently, dedicated the position of an individual discriminating that the study arrangement is amazing, however distressed by the unskilled and unfertile diversities that are currently practiced in accounting. Paul used this understanding to instinct both editors besides referees to prefer such arrangements to shove the modern arrangements towards the deliverance of PAT research to realize the wanted prospective. The articles theoretical substance, consequently, builds on the acknowledgment from the literature review on auditing that thoughtful shortages occur in the modern practice in accounting research thereby obstructing PAT research program from making a material effect to the broader project. This is predestined to founding positive accounting research as a deep-rooted social system to contribute to the scheme of scientific investigation (Fleischman et al. 2017). The framework is devoted on the awareness that favorable findings of Kuhn (1970) research would be desperate to stimulate elites to hold a more than ever operative model. The author additionally differentiates an amnesty offered by the info that ascended from the study by Fogarty and Markarian in 2007 that implied elites proportional deportment being diminishing. Thus, the author predictable imminent upcoming tragedy and the opportunity for the assumption of an additionally ever respected model. Paul consecutively based his premise on suggesting proposals for actions by editor in chief as well as arbitrators to nudge the contemporary schemes in the direction of redeeming PAT investigation to hit its jam-packed potential. The author is informed by the acknowledgement that it is significant to appreciate the global Modus Operandi and later viewed it as undesirability that the connected to investigation watercourse is unfertile and ineffective, and, henceforth he has delivered definite proposals for advancement. Limitation and Significance The systematic review of available literature on auditing via the qualitative technique assumed in this investigation is devoted to certain limitations or inadequacies. A probability of carrying onward certain errors and liabilities made by preceding investigators into the modern study is high labels one of such limitations. Furthermore, the technique limits the building of fresh results since there is no chance to collect the primary data where secondary data is used which did not capture the differences professionally. The author has moreover documented the absence of improved dimensions to document demanding theoretical models testing due to failed notions operationalization. The nonexistence of standardized trustworthy unshakable relationship-focused way to be adopted in each study measuring is additional limitation confessed. The recurrent dimensions re-invention besides re-estimation of parameters with individual sample a study has additionally been recognized as the shortcoming to PAT research from achieving its teeming prospective. Additional limitation in the theory assumed in this study is the lack of theoretical models that are tremendously specified and, therefore, it is vulnerable to permit thorough testing. Paul has documented these limitations by suggesting the need for better theoretical models. This proposal arises from the background of the developing luxurious models from analytical research that are not ever admissible to be test due to their inacceptable development together with concentration on controllability hinged on concepts that are never meritoriously distinct hypothetically to permit operationalization (Watts and Zimmerman 2012). Paul has positively drawn hypothetical implications from the study which are defensible systematically. This is because the limits have been acknowledged from the systematic review of the previous auditing literature that have in turn molded the basis for proposing enhancements to allow positive research to meet its chockfull potential. The recommended need for ever-changing focus away from the testing hypotheses towards estimating parameters afterwards being informed by the attentiveness of testing hypothesis from the previous reviewed studies (Pandey et al. 2017). The precincts have meaningfully censoriously biased the insinuation of the study even though they have concomitantly unreservedly disadvantaged the contribution of the article to the accounting practice. This is caused by the awkwardness in methodology together with theories in the article that did not avail chance that present dependable results, nevertheless, the accounting is better going forward by suggesting recommendation that are indispensable to describe subsequent study to sanction PAT study to recognize its jam-packed package. Conclusion The author has exhumed that models that are tremendously stated and, hence, remarkably defenseless, besides being undertaken extremely as thorough testing subjects are required. Paul has further accredited that deplorable progress is ongoing in positive accounting research as a conventional upshot of using ad hoc quantitative models which are debilitated to meagre statements of the predictable sign of a connection between two factors (Volovski et al. 2017). References Baiman, S., 2010. Agency research in managerial accounting: A second look. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 15(4), pp.341-371. Bertomeu, J., Darrough, M. and Xue, W., 2017. Optimal conservatism with earnings manipulation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), pp.252-284. Christie, A.A., 2007. On cross-sectional analysis in accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 9(3), pp.231-258. Dillard, J. and Vinnari, E., 2017. A case study of critique: Critical perspectives on critical accounting. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 43, pp.88-109. Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Available at SSRN 1955419. Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Faff, R.W., Carrick, R., Chen, A., Escobar, M., Khong, B.X.M., Nguyen, B.H. and Tunny, W., 2017. Fantasy Pitching III: UQ Summer Research Scholarsthe Role of'Money'in the 21st Century. Fleischman, G.M., Stephenson, T., Walker, K.B. and Cook, K.A., 2017. Factors that Influence Accounting Faculty Career Satisfaction: Comparisons by Program Prestige and Tenure Status. Accounting Horizons. Franco, A. and Roach, S.S., 2017. Factors That Determine Accounting Anxiety Among Users of English as a Second Language Within an International MBA Program. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 16(1). Kim, H.J., Min, A., Im, S.A., Jang, H., Lee, K.H., Lau, A., Lee, M., Kim, S., Yang, Y., Kim, J. and Kim, T.Y., 2017. Anti?tumor activity of the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. International Journal of Cancer, 140(1), pp.109-119. Pandey, S.K., Pandey, S., Breslin, R.A. and Broadus, E.D., 2017. Public Service Motivation Research Program: Key Challenges and Future Prospects. Roth, R.A., Suldo, S.M. and Ferron, J.M., 2017. Improving Middle School Students' Subjective Well-Being: Efficacy of a Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention Targeting Small Groups of Youth. School Psychology Review. Volovski, M., Murillo-Hoyos, J., Saeed, T.U. and Labi, S., 2017. Estimation of Routine Maintenance Expenditures for Highway Pavement Segments: Accounting for Heterogeneity Using Random-Effects Models. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, p.04017006. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2010. Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective. Accounting review, pp.131-156. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2012. Positive accounting theory. Williams, P.F., 2009. The logic of positive accounting research. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 14(5), pp.455-468.

Topic Influence Person(s) Due Apr 13, 2017 Assig Essays

Topic: Influence Person(s) Due: Apr 13, 2017 Assignment: 5 paragraph essay Type: Descriptive, Expository, or Persuasive (Jane Schaffer Format) Essay about SunHo Kim(Pastor) Outline-IntroductionSome people wonder, Why I lean on my pastor. The answer is sometimes I want to give up on something, my pastor gives me encouragement so sometimes he gives me inspiration-BodyFirst main idea: He is motivation to my faith-He gives me advice about how to make good relationship with God-There are always words of wisdom to learn from my pastor's sermons.Second main idea: He prays for me,about my mission,future spouse and family-When I'm in sticky situation, I tell to my pastor and he prays for me-My mom leans on pastor too,so he knows about my family. When I'm in trouble, he worried about usThird main idea: He gives advice about my future- He is a tutor teacher, so he knows a lot about study,so he gives me some help with studyHe gives me a lot information for graduat ion and university.-ConclusionSometimes he is my mentor and sometimes he is my friend. Every time I'm in trouble, he helps me and gives me the power to overcome. So he is the most influential person to meEssayMy Pastor is special to me. When I'm in trouble or I want to give up on something, he gives me advice, so I get comfort and encouragement from him. He helps me when I ask for help. He tries to do best to my family and church's people and I get inspiration from his behaviour, because e does his best even though his situation is poor. He is kind and strenuous worker of God. He gives trust to church's people.When before I went to the mission trip, I had the problem between the relationship with God, so I was confused at that time pastor prayed for me, and I got back the good relationship with God. Like that pastor helps me about my religious life. Every Sunday I go to church for hearing his sermons. There are always words of wisdom to learn from my pastor's sermons. I use that wis dom in my life when I use that wisdom; my life becomes better."Whoever you criticize is also the masterpiece of God" When I'm in trouble with people he tells me. Sometimes when I'm in the sticky situation, I tell my pastor, then he prays for me. I had the problem with my friend, I said to him, and he prayed for me, and he said, It is authoritative: I claim my power to the other. I am authoritative: The other side acknowledges my strength. He gives faith to my family, my mom believes him like me. She leans on pastor too. My mom tells him about my family's problem or question then he prays for my family. When my family is in trouble, he is worried about us. When he is worried about us, I feel thankful to him.He is tutor teacher, so he knows much information about graduation high school. He gives me some help with the study. I have a lot of question about graduation and university, then I ask the pastor, and he gives me much information to me. Last year, I didn't know, what would I do, at that time he gave me much information, and he prayed for me, so I made a decision.Sometimes he is my mentor and sometimes he is my friend. Every time I'm in trouble, he helps me and gives me the power to overcome. So he is the most influential person to me. I want to be like him. He is kind to everyone, and he is the good son of the God. I want to be the good daughter of the God. Every time, I thank to him.

Free Essays on I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings

Maya Angelou faces many hardships, yet manages to overcome them all, in her autobiography, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.† Maya is a strong willed, often stubborn, outgoing, somewhat outspoken, and rather intelligent girl. She becomes very tolerant due to some of her experiences. She also matures faster mentally than many other girls her age because of her situation and experiences. From the time she was young and through adolescence, Maya considered herself ugly. She was a tall, somewhat lanky African American. She was skinny, and felt that her eyes were too small and squinty. She was also ashamed of her large feet. Throughout the story, Maya is discouraged by the segregation of the blacks. For a long time she is denied the job that she wishes to have because of the color of her skin. Also, she wants her family to be together and to be happy. She is separated from her parents at a young age and lives with her grandmother and uncle for most of her childhood. When she is with her parents, she tends to feel secondary. There is always something a touch more important that she and her brother Baily. Maya Angelou faces many hardships, yet manages to overcome them all, in her autobiography, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.† When the book begins, Angelou is a young child, a mere three years old. As she grows up, though somewhat sheltered by her grandmother’s position as a general store owner, her eyes are opened to the current ways of the South. Blacks are lesser people that whites, and that was the way it was for her. On several occasions she watched in horror as young girls called her grandmother by her first name, when they should have been respectful and at lease used â€Å"Miss†. Once breaking the segregation barrier for herself, she gets a job with the Streetcar Company. Having a job, and the responsibility that comes with it, she mentally matures faster than the other children her age. While living with her mother t... Free Essays on I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Free Essays on I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Maya Angelou faces many hardships, yet manages to overcome them all, in her autobiography, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.† Maya is a strong willed, often stubborn, outgoing, somewhat outspoken, and rather intelligent girl. She becomes very tolerant due to some of her experiences. She also matures faster mentally than many other girls her age because of her situation and experiences. From the time she was young and through adolescence, Maya considered herself ugly. She was a tall, somewhat lanky African American. She was skinny, and felt that her eyes were too small and squinty. She was also ashamed of her large feet. Throughout the story, Maya is discouraged by the segregation of the blacks. For a long time she is denied the job that she wishes to have because of the color of her skin. Also, she wants her family to be together and to be happy. She is separated from her parents at a young age and lives with her grandmother and uncle for most of her childhood. When she is with her parents, she tends to feel secondary. There is always something a touch more important that she and her brother Baily. Maya Angelou faces many hardships, yet manages to overcome them all, in her autobiography, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.† When the book begins, Angelou is a young child, a mere three years old. As she grows up, though somewhat sheltered by her grandmother’s position as a general store owner, her eyes are opened to the current ways of the South. Blacks are lesser people that whites, and that was the way it was for her. On several occasions she watched in horror as young girls called her grandmother by her first name, when they should have been respectful and at lease used â€Å"Miss†. Once breaking the segregation barrier for herself, she gets a job with the Streetcar Company. Having a job, and the responsibility that comes with it, she mentally matures faster than the other children her age. While living with her mother t... Free Essays on I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings: Movie and Book The novel, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings", by Maya Angelou is the first series of five autobiographical novels. This novel tells about her life in rural Stamps, Arkansas with her religious grandmother and St. Louis, Missouri, where her worldly and glamorous mother resides. At the age of three Maya and her four-year old brother, Bailey, are turned over to the care of their paternal grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. Southern life in Stamps, Arkansas was filled with humiliation, violation, and displacement. These actions were exemplified for blacks by the fear of the Ku Klux Klan, racial separation of the town, and the many incidents in belittling blacks. Maya knows that to be black and female is to be faced with violence and violation. This is brought into focus when she goes to live with her mother and is raped by her mother’s boyfriend. When Maya is faced with this catastrophe, tells who did this to her, and the man is killed, she believes her voice killed him. She withdraws into herself and vows never to speak again. Her mother feeling that she has done everything in her power to make Maya talk, but can cannot reach her, sends Maya and her brother back to Stamps. After Maya returns to Stamps and with the help of her Teacher-Ms. Flowers she begins to speak again. The culmination of the novel is when Maya describes her eighth grade graduation. Angelou, her classmates, and parents listen to the condescending and racist manner in which the guest speaker talks. After listening to his insults, Ma... Free Essays on I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Literary Analysis As shown in by Maya Angelou, Cat’s in the Cradle by Harry Chapin and Family Portrait by Alicia Moore, family greatly affects who a person grows up to be. All of these writings show examples of children living their lives based on how their parents lived their lives. However, they all have different styles and methods of expressing their ideas. In I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the author tells about her home life using metaphors. She speaks of them almost as if they were interesting people she just happened to come into contact with in her life, other than her family. Maya Angelou very rarely quoted anything her mother said. She talks about her a lot, but didn’t include much dialogue between her mother and herself in her memoirs. However, she did comment a lot on her mother’s exterior. â€Å"My mother’s beauty literally assailed me. Her red lips split to show even white teeth and her fresh-butter color looked see-through clean.† Maya commented on her mother’s appearance quite often, which led me to believe that she never really knew her mother all that well. All she knew was what she saw. This is quite the same in Family Portrait by Alicia Moore. The only side of her parents it seemed she was quite aware of was the side that was always fighting, always angry. â€Å"Mama ple ase stop crying, I can’t stand the sound.† It seemed that her parents were never content with their home situation. It was a never-ending quest to prove to her mother and father that she could be better. Unlike in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, this author seemed to be blaming herself for all the wrong that existed in her family. â€Å"I won’t spill the milk at dinner, I’ll be so much better, I’ll do everything right, I’ll be your little girl forever, I’ll go to sleep at night.† The author recognized the hardships in the family and tried to get the characters to fix their own problems. The theme in C...

Book Will Always Exist

Nevertheless nowadays it’s as easy as abc to read a book through computer, mobile phone or a special e-books reader. Major IT corporations raise competition for the invention of the most modern and convenient devise helping people among other options to read e-books. One of the advantages of e-books is that you can download it to your mobile phone, for example. Consequently there’s no need to take a heavy thick book with you anymore. Additionally some internet sources give the possibility to download files for free. You don’t go shopping, just to click on an icon. Hence, you simultaneously save your money and time – the most vital things in life. With the appearance of I-Pads, thin and light, more people change from paper books to this new handy gadget. However in spite of the variety of technical devises for reading, in my opinion, books will always exist. There is a large group of people who prefer simple paper to any modern equipment. Some people like the feel and the smell of paper. From my point of view that’s because paper is a natural material, produced from wood. Megapolis citizens often suffer from the lack of nature in the world of electronics and technology. Likewise when I think of myself recharging my batteries after a hard working day I imagine myself lying on a cosy sofa reading a thrilling book, a real paper book. I’d hazard a guess that I’m not the only one for whom a book may be associated with comfort and relax. That’s why it’s so pleasant to hold a book, turn its pages and feel yourself enjoying the atmosphere. Book Will Always Exist Nevertheless nowadays it’s as easy as abc to read a book through computer, mobile phone or a special e-books reader. Major IT corporations raise competition for the invention of the most modern and convenient devise helping people among other options to read e-books. One of the advantages of e-books is that you can download it to your mobile phone, for example. Consequently there’s no need to take a heavy thick book with you anymore. Additionally some internet sources give the possibility to download files for free. You don’t go shopping, just to click on an icon. Hence, you simultaneously save your money and time – the most vital things in life. With the appearance of I-Pads, thin and light, more people change from paper books to this new handy gadget. However in spite of the variety of technical devises for reading, in my opinion, books will always exist. There is a large group of people who prefer simple paper to any modern equipment. Some people like the feel and the smell of paper. From my point of view that’s because paper is a natural material, produced from wood. Megapolis citizens often suffer from the lack of nature in the world of electronics and technology. Likewise when I think of myself recharging my batteries after a hard working day I imagine myself lying on a cosy sofa reading a thrilling book, a real paper book. I’d hazard a guess that I’m not the only one for whom a book may be associated with comfort and relax. That’s why it’s so pleasant to hold a book, turn its pages and feel yourself enjoying the atmosphere.

Fire detection and suppression systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Fire detection and suppression systems - Essay Example This can be in form of sirens, flash lights, telephone calls and a signal sent to the city’s fire department. It comprises the following parts: The alarm system is composed of mainly the control panel, power supply, zone feature, input devices and the output devices. The input devices are the sensory zones of the alarm hence they include the smoke and heat detectors. If the signal is high enough, the control panel would provide notifications about the danger posed by the changes in the detectors. However, some signals may require immediate attention, for example a fire alert in a specific room of a building. In such an instance, the zone feature is programmed to activate instant sprinklers that would put off the fire. Finally, the output devices include the horns, voice announcements and flash lights that indicate danger (Hirschler, 1992). Fire alarm systems are very important in notifying the occupants of the building under fire to vacate. They are designed to use both sound and visual warnings hence ensuring evacuation of the buildings thus saving lives. In the recent models of the alarm systems, they are programmed to inform an individual the specific location of the fire hence giving him or her right direction of the nearest exit (Sturzenbecker, Adams & Burnside, 2012). The alarm systems assist the fire fighters to easily locate the building under fire thus facilitating quick response to the fire. In addition, the alarm system may produce a human voice that informs them of the location of the fire hence.

PEST analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

PEST analysis - Essay Example The external environment consists of four main factors, political, economic, social and technological (Dubrin, 2012). These factors are collectively known as PEST. These factors appear as opportunities for the organisation while it is also possible that at certain point in time, they pose threats. The organisations need to keep a constant eye upon these four factors to stay profitable and at times for core survival. The paper discusses about these factors and their influences upon the organisations policies, functions and profitability. Political Aspects of External Environment The political aspect of external environment is related to the government laws, legislations, rules, polices and other international principles that are enforced from time to time. These factors supersede all local and organisational doctrines and every organisation is bound to obey them for its existence (D’Anieri, 2009). The common example of this factor is tariff guidelines, tax rates, employment law s (Collins, 2010) and trade quotas. Every organisation needs to cater for all these points to comply with the regulation. The non-compliance poses the most serious threat and organisations take years to settle the law suits filed against them because of violation of laws. Many government policies are related to foreign direct investment and impose certain restrictions on the ownership rights of the business. Particularly in the Gulf States, ownership of real-estate resources by foreigners is banned. It creates insecurity for the business concerns while they plan to invest in these countries. Another point of concern in this regard is about the balance sheet of the organisation that has strong financial position but cannot own the land and building which automatically decreases their assets side. In the present business era, globalization has removed many barriers and the free movement of capital, goods and labour has become a practice. The employment laws are relaxed about hiring ex patriates and it is increasing the level of diversity in the organisation (Barak, 2011). There are certain Acts which ensure formal protection of employees’ rights. This situation has raised many challenges to the organisations. Ensuring satisfaction of a diverse workforce on the grounds of equitable treatment is not child’s play. Every employee has different needs and it is no surprise that one’s interest harms the benefit of others. The organisations have to ensure that a win-win condition is met all the time (Vent, 2009). There are regulations related to minimum wage which affect the organisations cost structure and in turn the profit margins. There are certain guidelines about employment quota of local and foreign employees, it forces organisations to compromise over the talented pool and hire the one who may not be at par in educational and professional requirements. The political aspects are related with the performance of stock exchange as well. Stock exc hange is the most volatile sector of the economy which is influenced by every news and event in any corner of the world. The riots and political stability in one country negatively affects the market value of the companies which belong to that country no matter they are registered with some international stock exchange like London Stock Exchange or New York Stock Exchange. Economic Aspects of External Environment The affect of economic aspects in the external environment is as evident as the

Speech on the Underworld in Greek Mythology Essay Example for Free

Speech on the Underworld in Greek Mythology Essay The Underworld, better known as Hades after the god who ruled it, was a dark and dreary place where the shades, or souls, of those who died lived. In the next few minutes, I will tell you about how one came to die, the topography of the Underworld, and the beings whom dwelled there. br brYour whole life was planned and plotted by the Fates. The Fates were the three goddesses who controlled the destiny of everyone from the time they were born to the time they died. They were: Clotho, the spinner, who spun the thread of a persons life, Lachesis, the apporitioner, who decided how much times was to be allowed each person, and Atropos, the inevitable, who cut the thread when you were supposed to die. When Atropos cut your thread you were dead and then you made your journey to Hades. Upon death, the shade is lead by Hermes to the entrance of the Underworld and to the banks of the Acheron. br brThere were five rivers that made up the Underworld. They were the Acheron (the river of woe), Cocytus (the river of lamentation), Phlegethon (river of fire), Lethe (river of forgetfulness), and the Styx (river of hate). This poem, written by an anonymous writer, was written about the rivers in the Underworld. br brAbhorred Styx, the flood of deadly hate, brSad Acheron of sorrow black and deep; brCocytus named of lamentation loud brHeard on the rueful stream; fierce Phlegethon brWhose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage. brFar off from these a slow and silent stream, brLethe, the river of oblivion, rolls  br Her watery labyrinth, whereof who drinks brForthwith his former state and being forgets, brForgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain. br brWhen one would die, the family would place one obol, or a coin, under the deceaseds tongue. This coin would pay as fare to Charon who would ferry the dead over the Acheron River. Charon is the ferryman who is often depicted as an old sulky man, or as a winged demon carrying a double hammer. Those who cannot afford to pay Charon were doomed to wonder the banks of the Acheron River for one hundred years. Guarding the Underworld was the three-headed dog Cerberus. He permitted new spirits to enter, but never one to leave. br brWhen you arrived at the Underworld, three judges determined your sentence. They were Rhadamanthus, Minos the first, and Aeacus. Rhadamanthus, the son of Zeus and Europa, was rewarded to be judge because of the justice he showed on Earth. Minos the First, the son of Zeus and Europa, was another judge who, before he died, was the ruler of Crete, and most know him from the story of Theseus and the Minotaur. The third judge is Aeacus, the son of Zeus and the nymph Aegina, assisted Poseidon and Apollo build the walls of the city Troy. After his death Zeus rewarded him the position of judge. br brYou could go to three different places in the Underworld, depending on your life on Earth and what you had done. Most shades went to the Asphodel Fields, but before you entered you drank from the Lethe River, causing you to forget everything that had happened in your past life. Asphodel was an ugly , gray, ghostly weed that covered the Fields. This place was for the normal, everyday person, who did nothing special in his or her life. The second place they could go was the Elysian Fields or Elysium. Elysium was reserved for the heroes, or people the gods favored. Regular feasts, banquets, and hunts were held there. The third and final place you could go to was the lowest region of the world, called Tartarus. It was surrounded by a wall of bronze and beyond that three-fold layer of night. Tartarus, presided over by Kronos, was where the souls went who had defied the gods in some way. The Hundred-headed Giants guarded it. Around Tartarus is Phlegethon, with its flames and clashing rocks. One of the Furies, Tisiphone, sits upon the iron tower, with her bloody robe, and sleepless day and night, guards the entrance. br brFew people dwell in the Underworld, because of its gloominess and darkness. Hades, the King of the Dead, rules over the entire Underworld. The god was a dread figure to the living, who were quite careful how they swore oaths to his name. To many people, to utter his name was frightening, so they used another word in its place. Since all precious minerals came from under the earth, the people thought of Hades as very wealthy. He was was sometimes referred to as Ploutos, meaning wealth. This accounts for the name given him by the Romans, who called him Pluto. Hades sits on a throne of ebony and carries a scepter. He also has a helmet that makes him invisible, given to him by the Cyclopes. Persephone, Hadess wife, also lives with him in his palace. Along with Charon, the ferryman, the Furies live down there also. The furies are the three daughters of Mother Earth, conceived from the blood of Uranus. They were powerful goddesses that personified conscience and punish people for their crimes. They were Megaera (jealousy), Tisiphone (blood avenger), and Alecto (unceasing in pursuit). They were usually depicted as winged women with serpent hair. When called upon they would hound their victims till they died in a rage of madness or suicide. br brThe Underworld is what the Greeks and Romans believed you went after you died. It was where everything horrible, evil, and sad lived. If you werent a hero or a favorite of the gods you were sent to that horrible place. What a dreadful thing to look forward to after your life was completed on Earth. I hope you enjoyed learning about the Underworld and the beliefs of the Greek and Roman peoples afterlife. Thank You.

Billy Joel :: Free Essays

William Martin Joel, born May 9, 1949, in The Bronx, NY, grew up in a comfortable Long Island suburb, Levittown, during the years following World War II. His German-born father, Howard Joel, who was imprisoned by the Nazis at Dachau during the war, moved to America after his release, to begin a new life in New York. That new life included adopting a new faith for his son--although Joel Sr. was Jewish, young Billy was raised in a predominately Catholic neighborhood and frequently attended mass and confession. Joel's father secured work as an engineer with General Electric while his mother, Rosalind, set to work raising Billy and his sister Judy. Both of Joel's parents provided early musical influences: his father was a classically trained, self-disciplined pianist, and his mother had once sung in the chorus for Gilbert and Sullivan. Though he scored well on tests, his teachers refused to graduate him from high school due to his many absences from skipping school. It was also during these years that Joel discovered the power of music. In 1962, Joel saw a live performance for the first time when he went with friends to hear James Brown at Harlem's Apollo Theater. Other early influences included Otis Redding, Sam and Dave, Elvis Presley, and the Beatles. Joel was deeply affected by the British invasion, so much so that he modeled his own budding style after the Beatles' Paul McCartney, "I idolized The Beatles, especially Paul - nobody could come up with the melodies he could". On February 21st, 1964, Joel joined his first band, the Echos (in 1965 known as the Lost Souls, in 1966 The Memerald Loard), on the organ and vocals and began composing simplistic songs. "The first gig I did was when I was 15, in 1964. I played in a band at Holy Family Church in Hicksville. Billy Joel :: Free Essays William Martin Joel, born May 9, 1949, in The Bronx, NY, grew up in a comfortable Long Island suburb, Levittown, during the years following World War II. His German-born father, Howard Joel, who was imprisoned by the Nazis at Dachau during the war, moved to America after his release, to begin a new life in New York. That new life included adopting a new faith for his son--although Joel Sr. was Jewish, young Billy was raised in a predominately Catholic neighborhood and frequently attended mass and confession. Joel's father secured work as an engineer with General Electric while his mother, Rosalind, set to work raising Billy and his sister Judy. Both of Joel's parents provided early musical influences: his father was a classically trained, self-disciplined pianist, and his mother had once sung in the chorus for Gilbert and Sullivan. Though he scored well on tests, his teachers refused to graduate him from high school due to his many absences from skipping school. It was also during these years that Joel discovered the power of music. In 1962, Joel saw a live performance for the first time when he went with friends to hear James Brown at Harlem's Apollo Theater. Other early influences included Otis Redding, Sam and Dave, Elvis Presley, and the Beatles. Joel was deeply affected by the British invasion, so much so that he modeled his own budding style after the Beatles' Paul McCartney, "I idolized The Beatles, especially Paul - nobody could come up with the melodies he could". On February 21st, 1964, Joel joined his first band, the Echos (in 1965 known as the Lost Souls, in 1966 The Memerald Loard), on the organ and vocals and began composing simplistic songs. "The first gig I did was when I was 15, in 1964. I played in a band at Holy Family Church in Hicksville.

Seven Environmental Principles

I. Definition and Importance of Political Science These are the varied definitions of Political Science as it originally emphasized by the Greek term â€Å"polis† for city-state and â€Å"scire† means to â€Å"know†: 1) It is the science that studies the political power and authority of the state and government. 2) It is the systematic study of the institution, organization, processes and laws of the government. 3) It is the study of politics that may influence the government structures and processes in a given society. ) It is how the branches of government perform the various political task such as the delivery of basic services. 5) It is the exercise of sovereign political right of the state and government to carry its task for the improvement of quality of life in the society Generally, the importance of political science is the application of political powers and authority in the realm of government structures. The ordinary citizens may know and learn about their political rights and privileges from a given form of government including the political structure and processes of the state. 1.The knowledge of human rights and privileges will educate the citizens about their role in the political affairs of the state particularly in political rights : a) The right to vote (suffrage);b) The constitutional rights and privileges ( due process of law); c) the right in providing the basic services such as education, health and sanitation, employment and other public support. 2. The study of political science motivates the citizens to participate in the political activities of the state as to achievement the development thrust of the government in relation to the improvement of quality of life. . The political science concepts on democracy, dictatorship and power structures give the citizen full understanding as to the consequences on the individual political action as defined by the political power and authority of the state. 4. The concept of p olitics may well be studied in the political science not simply in the art of persuasion and influence that the citizens learn about also how these political concept area applied in the society. 5.The comprehensive study on the branches, forms and systems of government provide the individual better understanding in the concept of separation of powers, parliamentary system, diplomatic immunity, human rights, general welfare, social services From the understandings of these basic concepts of government, state, laws and institutions those who would study political science must know its importance and function, relationship with other discipline and broader understanding to its specific roles of individual in a civilized society.The students and professionals should not only know the political theories but also deeper insights as to its application in their own field of expertise. Thus the study of political science will also include the empirical investigation of political facts throug h social research and the application of critical thinking. The key words in the comprehensive analysis on the principles of political science are state, government, law, institution, power relationships, legal process, constitutions and politics.These are the important dimensions to study political science that need to be constantly in touch to mold the citizens in achieving quality of life to our society. Definition: Political science is the academic subject centering on the relations between governments and other governments, and between governments and peoples. II. state   (stt) n. 1. A condition or mode of being, as with regard to circumstances: a state of confusion. 2. A condition of being in a stage or form, as of structure, growth, or development: the fetal state. 3.A mental or emotional condition: in a manic state. 4. Informal A condition of excitement or distress. 5. Physics The condition of a physical system with regard to phase, form, composition, or structure: Ice is the solid state of water. 6. Social position or rank. 7. Ceremony; pomp: foreign leaders dining in state at the White House. 8. a. The supreme public power within a sovereign political entity. b. The sphere of supreme civil power within a given polity: matters of state. 9. A specific mode of government: the socialist state. 10.A body politic, especially one constituting a nation: the states of Eastern Europe. 11. One of the more or less internally autonomous territorial and political units composing a federation under a sovereign government: the 48 contiguous states of the Union. adj. 1. Of or relating to a body politic or to an internally autonomous territorial or political unit constituting a federation under one government: a monarch dealing with state matters; the department that handles state security. 2. Owned and operated by a state: state universities. r. v. stat ·ed, stat ·ing, states To set forth in words; declare. III. gov ·ern ·ment ? ? [guhv-ern-muhnt, ? er-muhn t] Show IPA noun 1. the political direction and control  exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and states; direction of the affairs of a state, community, etc. ; political administration: Government is necessary to the existence of civilized society. 2. the form or system of rule by which  a state, community, etc. , is governed: monarchical government; episcopal government. . the governing body of persons in a state, community, etc. ; administration. 4. a branch or service of the supreme authority of a state or nation, taken as representing the whole: a dam built by the government. 5. (in some parliamentary systems, as that of the United Kingdom) a. the particular group of persons forming the cabinet at any given time: The Prime Minister has formed a new government. b. the parliament along with the cabinet: The government has fallen. IV. con ·sti ·tu ·tion ? ? [kon-sti-too-shuhn, -tyoo-] Show IPA noun 1. he way in wh ich  a thing is composed or made up; makeup; composition: the chemical constitution of the cleanser. 2. the physical character of the body as to strength, health, etc. : He has a strong constitution. 3. Medicine/Medical, Psychology . the aggregate of a person's physical and psychological characteristics. 4. the act or process of constituting;   establishment. 5. the state of being constituted;   formation. V. A good written constitution must have the following characteristics: 1. ) Broad A constitution must be broad in its scope because it utlines the organization of the government for the whole state. A statement of provisions and functions of the government, and of the relations between the governing body and the governed, requires a comprehensive document. 2. ) Brief A constitution must be brief because it is not the place in which the details of organization should be set forth. Some constitutions have been marred by the inclusion of pure regulation. 3. ) Definite The cons titution must be definite. In a statement of principles of underlying the essential nature of a state any vagueness hich may lead to opposing interpretations of essential features may cause incalculable harm. Civil war and the disruption of the state may conceivably follow from ambiguous expressions in a constitution. VI. Different types of constitutions Introduction There is no doubt that each society has political activity that connects with its social, economic, geographic and political conditions, as well as constitutional studies come at the top of the legal studies due to the subject of the constitutional law connects directly with life and cares of all citizens in the state, rulers or subjects.If the constitutional law cares with the rulers from one corner, but it determines the general aspect of authorities and regime of the governing in the state and draws the limits for specification to each authority and its relations with others. Whatever point of view, there is no dispu te on importance of the constitutional law because it cares with the rulers and subjects and upgrades to the top place. The constitution is a set of the legal rules organize entity of the state and human society that exists among definite geographic space regarding with constitution and legal rules are in permanent and continues movement.Customary Constitutions And Written Constitutions It's known that the rules regarding with any political system of any state, it will be two ways, either resulting from customary without writing out any formal texts, in this case it's said there is customary constitution. The second case it may be wrote down in formal document that is made to be known at the all (Dr. Sabri, Said). So that there two types that are customary constitutions and written constitutions. Customary Constitution The customary is considered the oldest formal resources of the legal rule.It remained the sole source of the constitutional rules in the world till 18th century. It i s theoretic and needed source, whereas gives binding force to the legal rule in the performance. (Dr. Abu Steet, A). English constitution is the clearest example for such type of the constitutional laws because the constitutional laws were formed by the customary in Britain that often represents still constitutional rules. Customary ruels include other written constitutional rules embody in the â€Å"the Greatest Era† of year 1215 A.D. â€Å"Magna Carta and Bill & Rights† of year 1689, and Parliament Act in 1911. Although such constitutional documents vary in Britain, it is not sufficient for political regime in the state that determined by customary rules in general. (Bashir, M. Ibid, page 42). The cause may be that England takes the customary constitution, this is referred to nature of the English people itself who intends to develop its rules and laws quietly without violent, as well as constitutional history began in England early.Moreover, the causes that called m ost of the countries to take with written constituions that were not available in English regime. (Al Sha'r, R. ). The importance of customary rules in the English constitution appears in survey the field that prevailed by it. Because of the English constitution is a set of the systems are often emerged in permanent customaries as long as new necessities made. If the customary rules took great importance in establishing of the constitutional laws in non written constitutions of the countries.Such rules and laws are emerged as a result of following up a public authority in the definite country relating with habit of the any target of the constitutional law without any contrary of the other authorities till it remains in the minds of the people had to respect such rules, consequently it adds binding feature. Written Constitutions The first written constitutions were English colonies constitutions in the North America after its freedom in 1776, USA Constitution in 1787 that still remai ns.Since written constitutions appeared, the idea of constitution liberty prevailed to be a tool for freedom whereas it remains with specific right for the citizen. The idea of written constitution transferred from America to France till it made the first written constitution on 3 September 1791, then coveyed into the remaining European countries. After that range of the written constitution expanded in First World War as well as expanded into the Arabian countries. Consequently, the written constitution acquired political sense because it connects closely with definite matter of the government.According to that written constitutions add on the constitutions rules emphasizing and determining. (Dr. Bashir, M). Flexible And Rigid Constitutions Explainers indicated that flexible constitution that is can be amended by the authorities and with procedures may need for the ordinary laws. When there is flexible constitution such England Constitution, this means that there is no any constitu tion from the form aspect because there is no any conditions vary between the constitution amendments and ordinary legislation amendment, so that establishing authority mixes with legislative authority.As per the rigid constitution, it can't be amended but by authorities and different procedures than such methods that amend the ordinary laws. Whereas as amendment of the rigid constitution vary here than method of the flexible constitution amendment. On the second hand, the rigid constitution has firmness feature as a result of the special procedures that are shall be regarded at amendment of its items. As per the flexible constitution doesn't stipulate definite procedure that should be regarded to amend. Bashir, Al Shafei Mohammed). This doesn't mean that the constitution can't be touched totally and it can't ever amended, but it means making and amendment it. In short, I can sum that the Standard can be taken for the difference between the flexible and rigid constitutions in as dif ficulty and complexity in amendment of the rigid constitution, if this difficulty increases, it will be rigid constitution, while this difficulty decreases, it will be half rigid or half flexible. Constitutional ConventionIt may appear along with written constitution practical needs in which written constitutional rules doesn't complicate; in this case constitutional convention appears along with constitutional flexible rules officially. This convention may interpret or complete deficit in the constitution, but some says that the constitutional convention may be amended as constitutional item. The constitutional convention emerges along with written constitution and it consists with physical and spiritual article, i. e. with following up definite custom then is followed till to be binding matter.Such customs are emerged by political life in the country to exist to the written constitution as complementary or amended rules to some its items. Accordingly, the constitutional convention is either interpretation or complementary, or amended to some items of the constitution. In the interpretation custom, the customs performs with interpreter for ambiguity of the constitutional text. To raise this role, it's supposed there is ambiguity constitutional text, as well as it shows way of application of the texts and conditions.Among examples of the interpreter custom what is made in accordance with French Constitution 1875. As per complementary custom, it overcomes interpreter custom role to play affected role along with written text, it represents in establishing new decision. As shown from its name, complementary custom may emerge to handle deficit problem of the written constitutional text because it supposes that the constitution neglects specific matter. In short that complementary constitution is unlike interpreter custom because it doesn't relay on constitution item, and also it establish new constitutional rule.Among examples is French constitution 1875 provided that election shall be the ballot, and the custom completed this item whereas the election was directly and one degree. (Abu Al Magd, Ahmed Kamal). As per amended custom, that works to amend the constitutional text, it doesn't limited to its ambiguity as interpreter custom or complete what is required of deficit as complete custom, but it aims at amendment of constitutional text and abrogate it provision and add new provision or cancel the standing text. Legal Value Of The Constitutional ConventionThe jurists vary in determine of the legal value of the constitutional convention. Some of them say that its value may be over the constitutional texts, equals to be established in accordance flexible or rigid constitution. But others say that interpreter constitution convention takes degree of the written constitutional text that is emerged beside it. As types of the other constitutional custom takes degree of ordinary law. Reference of this difference is that interpreter constitutional c onvention doesn't establish new constitutional rule other than types. (Hashish, A. H.Dar-al-Nahda Al-‘Arabia). Conclusion In conclusion, I can confirm that there is no any state can live without law and there is not law without sovereignty. So that sovereignty of the law represents in our belief distinctive standard of the state then others of human communities. Sovereignty of the law is not slogans but it is fact shall be committed and obligated till the people find it before them in their daily life. There is no doubt that constitutional law is the first laws. Emphasizing that protection of the constitution from frivolity is to protect of entity of the state.

Assessment and Care Planning: Holistic Assessment

Introduction This essay deals with the holistic assessment of a patient who was admitted onto the medical ward where I undertook my placement. Firstly, the relevant life history of the patient will be briefly explained. Secondly, the Roper, Logan and Tierney model of nursing that was used to assess the care needs of the patient will be discussed, and then the assessment process will be analysed critically. Identified areas of need will be discussed in relation to the care given and with reference to psychological, social, and biological factors as well as patho-physiology. Furthermore, the role of inter-professional skills in relation to care planning and delivery will be analysed, and finally the care given to the patient will be evaluated. Throughout this assignment, confidentiality will be maintained to a high standard by following the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Conduct (2008). No information regarding the hospital or ward will be mentioned, in accordance with the Data Protection Act 1998. The pseudonym Kate will be used to maintain the confidentiality of the patient.The PatientKate, a lady aged 84, was admitted to a medical ward through the Accident and Emergency department. She was admitted with asthma and a chest infection. She presented with severe dyspnoea, wheezing, chest tightness and immobility. Kate is a patient known to suffer from chronic chest infections and asthma, with which she was diagnosed when she was young. She takes regular bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers and tablets. Kate lives on her own in a one bedroom flat. She has a daughter who lives one street away and visits her frequently. Her daughter stated that Kate has a very active social life; she enjoys going out for shopping using a shopping trolley.Assessment of the PatientAssessment TheoryIn this ward, the Roper, Logan and Tierney model of nursing, which reflects on the twelve activities of living, is used as a base for assessing patients (Alabaster 2011). These activities are â€Å"maintaining safe environment, communication, breathing, eating and drinking, elimination, personal cleansing and dressing, controlling body temperature, mobility, working and playing, sexuality, sleeping, and dying† Holland (2008, p.9). Elkin, Perry and Potter (2007) outlined nursing process as a systematic way to plan and deliver care to the patient. It involves four stages: assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation. Assessment is the first and most critical step of the nursing process, in which the nurse carries out a holistic assessment by collecting all the data about a patient (Alfaro-Lefevre 2010). The nurse uses physical assessment skills to obtain baseline data to manage patients’ problems and to help nurses in the evaluation of care. Data can be collected through observation, physical assessment and by interviewing the patient (Rennie 2009). A complete assessment produces both subjective and objective findings (Wilkinson 2006). Holland (2008) defines subjective data as information given by the patient. It is obtained from the health history and relates to sensations or symptoms, for example pain. Subjective data also includes biographical data such as the name of the patient, address, next of kin, religion etc. Holland defines objective data as observable data, and relates it to signs of the disease. Objective data is obtained from physical examination, for example of blood pressure or urine. Before assessment takes place, the nurse should explain when and why it will be carried out; allow adequate time; attend to the needs of the patient; consider confidentiality; ensure the environment is conducive; and consider the coping patterns of the patient (Jenkins 2008). The nurse should also introduce herself to help reduce anxiety and gain the patient’s confidence. During assessment, the nurse needs to use both verbal and non-verbal communication. Using non-verbal communication means that she should observe the patient, looking at the colour of the skin, the eyes, and taking note of odour and breathing. An accurate assessment enables nursing staff to prioritise a patient’s needs and to deal with the problem immediately it has been identified (Gordon 2008). Documentation is also very important in this process; all information collected has to be recorded either in the patient’s file or electronically (NMC, 2009b).Carrying out the AssessmentKate was allocate d a bed within a four-bed female bay. Her daughter was with her at the bedside. Gordon (2008) stated that understanding that any admission to hospital can be frightening for patients and allowing them some time to get used to the environment is important for nursing staff. Kate’s daughter was asked if she could be present while the assessment was carried out, so that she could help with some information, and she agreed. Alfaro-Lefevre (2008) recommended that nursing assessments take place in a separate room, which respects confidentiality, and that the patient be free to participate in the assessment. Although there was a room available, Kate’s daughter said it was fine for the assessment to take place at the bedside because her mother was so restless and just wanted to be next to her. The curtains were pulled around the bed, though William and Wilkins argued that it ensures visual privacy only and not a barrier to sound. NMC (2009a) acknowledges this, along with the n eed to speak at an appropriate volume when asking for personal details to maintain confidentiality. The assessment form that was used during Kate’s assessment addressed personal details and the twelve activities of living. A moving and handling assessment form was also completed because of her immobility. First, personal details such as name, age, address, nickname, religion, and housing status were recorded. Information was also recorded about any agency involved, along with next of kin and contact details, and details of the general practitioner. Holland (2008) stated that these details should be accurate and legible so that, in case of any concerns about the patient, the next of kin can be contacted easily. The name and age are also vital in order to correctly identify the patient to avoid mistakes. Knowing what type of a job the patient does or the type of the house she lives in helps to indicate how the patient is going to cope after discharge. Holland also insisted that religion should be known in case the patient would like to have some privacy during prayers, and thi s should be included in the care plan. The second assessment to be done focused on physical assessment and the activities of living. Barrett, Wilson and Woollands (2009) suggested that when enquiring about the activities of living, two elements should be addressed: usual and current routines. Additionally, identifying a patient’s habits will help in care planning and setting goals. During physical assessment, when objective data was collected, Kate demonstrated laboured and audible breath sounds (wheezing) and breathlessness. Use of accessory muscles and nose flaring was also noted. She was agitated and anxious. Her vital signs were: blood pressure 110/70; pulse 102 beats /min; respirations 26/min; temperature 37.4 degrees Celsius; oxygen saturation 88%; peak flow 100 litres; weight 60kg; and body mass index 21. Taking and recording observations is very important and is the first procedure that student nurses learn to do. These observations are made in order to detect any signs of deterioration or progress in the p atient’s condition (Field and Smith 2008). Carpenito-Moyet (2006) stated that it is important to take the first observations before any medical intervention, in order to assist in the diagnosis and to help assess the effects of treatment. Kate’s initial assessment was carried out in a professional way, taking account of the patient’s particular circumstances, anxieties and wishes. After the baseline observations were taken, the twelve activities of living were analysed and Kate’s needs were identified. Among the needs identified, breathing and personal hygiene (cleansing) will be explored.Identified Care NeedsBreathingWilkinson (2006) states that a nursing diagnosis is an account about the patient’s current health situation. The normal breathing rate in a fit adult is 16-20 respirations/minute, but can go up to 30 due to pain, anxiety, pyrexia, sepsis, sleep and old age (Jenkins 2008). In old people, muscles become less efficient, resulting in increasing efforts to breathe, causing a high respiratory rate. On assessment, Kate’s problem was breathing that resulted in insufficient intake of air, due to asthma. She was wheezing, cyanosed, anxious and had shortness of breath. Wilkinson (2006) explained that a goal statement is a quantifiable and noticeable criterion that can be used for evaluation. The goal statement in this case would be for Kate to maintain normal breathing and to increase air intake. The prescription of care for Kate depended on the assessment, which was achieved by monitoring her breathing rate, rhythm, pattern, and saturation levels. These were documented hourly, comparing the readings with initial readings to determine changes and to report any concerns. The other part of the plan was to give psychological care to Kate by involving her in her care and informing her about the progress, in order to reduce anxiety. Barrett, Wilson and Woollands (2012) stated that it is very important to give psychological care to patients who are dyspnoeic because they panic and become anxious. Checking and recording of breathing rate and pattern is very important because it is the only good way to assess whether this patient is improving or deteriorating, and it can be a very helpful method for nurses to evaluate whether or not the patient is responding to treatment (Jamieson 2007). Mallon (2010) stated that, if the breathing rate is more than 20, it indicates the need for oxygen. Blows (2001), however, argued that this can happen even after doing exercise, not only in people with respiratory problems. Griffin and Potter (2006) stated that, respirations are normally quiet, and therefore if they are audible it indicates respiratory disease. Nurses needs to be aware of these sounds and what they mean, for example a wheezing sound indicates bronchiole constriction. Kate’s breathing was audible and the rate was also above normal and that is why breathing was prioritised as the first need. Oxygen saturation level was also monitored with the use of a pulse oximeter. The normal saturation level is 95-99% (British National Formulary ((BNF)) 2011a). Nevertheless the doctor said that 90-95% was fine for Kate, considering her condition and her age. Kate was started on two litres of oxygen and she maintained her oxygen saturation between 90 and 94%. The peak expiratory flow was monitored and recorded to identify the obstructive pattern of breathing that takes place in asthma (Hilton, 2005). This is another method that is used to assess the effectiveness of the medication (inhalers) the asthmatic patient is taking, and this test should be carried out 20 minutes after medication is administered. It is the Trust’s policy to do hourly observations on patients who have had one, two or three abnormal readings, until readings return to normal. Kate was observed for any blueness in the lips and tongue and for oral mucosa as this could be a sign of cyanosis. All the prescribed nebulisers, inhalers, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics and oxygen therapy were administered according to the doctor’s instructions. Bronchodilators are given to dilate the bronchioles constricted due to asthma, and corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the airway (BNF 2011b). Kate was also started on antibiotics to combat the infection because, on auscultation, the doctor found that the chest was not clear. Kate was nursed in an upright position using pillows and a profiling bed in order to increase chest capacity and facilitate easy respiratory function by use of gravity (Brooker and Nicol, 2011). In this position, Kate was comfortable and calm while other vital signs were being checked. Pulse rate and blood pressure were also being checked and recorded because raised pulse can indicate an infection in the blood.CleansingDue to breathlessness and loss of mobility it was difficulty for Kate to maintain her personal hygiene. Hygiene is the practice of cleanliness that is needed to maintain health, for example bathing, mouth washing and hair washing. The skin is the first line of defence, so it is vital to maintain personal cleansing to protect the inner organs against injuries and infection (Hemming 2010). Field and Smith (2008) stated that personal cleansing also stimulates the body, produces a sense of well-being, and enables nurses to assess the patient holistically. Personal hygiene is particularly important for the elderly because their skin becomes fragile and more prone to breaking down (Holloway and Jones 2005). Therefore this need was very important for Kate; she needed to maintain her hygiene as she used to, before she was ill. The goal for meeting this need was to maintain personal hygiene and comfort. The care plan prescribed involved first gaining consent from Kate, explaining what was going to be done. Hemming (2010) recommended that identifying the patient’s usual habit is very important because each individual has different ideas about hygiene due to age, culture or religion. Identifying usual habits helps individuals to maintain their social life if things are done according to their wishes. Though Hemming said all human beings need personal hygiene, Holland (2008) argued that it is important to ask patients how they feel about being cleaned, especially in private areas. Kate indicated that she didn’t mind being assisted with washing and dressing. She preferred washing daily, shower and a hair wash once a week, and a mouth wash every morning and before going to bed. Kate was assisted with personal care 5-10 minutes after having her medication, especially the nebuliser. Individuals with asthma experience shortness of breath whenever they are physically active (Ritz, Rosenfield and Steptoe 2010). After having medication Kate was able to participate during personal hygiene. According to NMC guidelines on confidentiality (2009a), privacy and dignity should be maintained when giving care to patients. Therefore, whenever Kate was being assisted with personal care, it was ensured that the screens were closed and she was properly covered. Field and Smith (2008) suggested that assisting a patient with personal hygiene is the time that nurses can assess the patient holistically. Since Kate was immobile, it was very important to check her pressure areas for any redness. She was also checked for any pallor, jaundice, cyanosis or dry skin that needed attention. The care was always carried out according to her wishes.The Role of Inter-Professional SkillsConsi dering Kate’s age and condition, she needed multi-professional teamwork. NMC (2008) encourages teamwork to maintain good quality care. Kate was referred to the respiratory nurse who is specialised in helping people with breathing problems. Since Kate was on oxygen since admission, the respiratory nurse taught her the importance of healthy breathing and taught her some breathing exercises to help wean her from oxygen. Kate was also referred to the physiotherapist who did breathing exercises with her. Kate was not able to walk without aid so she was also referred to the occupational therapy department to assess how she was going to manage at home, or if she required aids to help her manage the activities of living. Upon meeting together, all the multi-disciplinary team agreed that Kate needed a care package, as she could no longer live without care. She was referred to social services so that they could assess this aspect of Kate’s future. After one week Kate was medically fit but could not go home because she was waiting for the care package to be ready. Her nurse shared information with the multi-disciplinary team in order to establish continuity of care for Kate. The team prepared for her discharge: the occupational therapy staff went to visit her home to check if there was enough space for her walking frame; social services arranged for a care package; and her nurses referred her to the district nurse to help her with her medication and make sure it did not run out.OutcomeKate responded well to the medication she was prescribed; normal breathing was maintained, her respirations became normal, ranging from 18 to 20 respirations per minute, and her oxygen saturation ranged from 95% to 99%. Kate was able to wash and dress herself with minimal assistance. She was discharged on a continuous care package comprising care three times a day, and the district nurse helped her with the medication to control her asthma.Evaluat ionThe model of the twelve activities of living was followed successfully on the whole. The nurse collected subjective and objective data, allowing a nursing diagnosis to be formulated, goals to be identified and a care plan to be constructed and implemented. Privacy is very important in carrying out assessments, and this was not achieved fully in Kate’s assessment. However, this lower level of privacy has to be balanced against causing anxiety to the patient. Kate’s daughter thought that the bedside assessment would be more comfortable for her mother, and therefore cause least anxiety. This was very important because of the effects of potential panic on breathing; therefore, this was the correct balance to strike. A multi-disciplinary team was involved in meeting Kate’s care goals. This is a good example of the use of inter-professional skills, as a number of different departments were involved in creating and implementing the care plan. However, the system was not as efficient as it should have been: Kate spent unnecessary time in hospital after recovery because the care plan was not yet in place. Assessment can also take a long time, especially with the elderly who are usually slow to respond. Therefore, more time is needed to be sure that the necessary progress has been achieved before taking further steps. However, poor staffing also affects performance in this area, an observation supported by the Royal College of Nursing (2012). In conclusion, the assessment of this patient was completed successfully, and the deviation from best practice recommendations (the lower level of privacy) was justified by the clinical circumstances. Progress from assessment to care goals was good, and at this point an inter-disciplinary team was used successfully. However, the one flaw in this process was delays, caused partly by the difficulties of working across different departments, and partly, it seems, by staff shortages. 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